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Epoxy Cure Observed by Ultrasound, NMR and WAXS

机译：超声，NMR和WAXS观察到的环氧固化

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摘要

The motivation behind this work was a requirement to optimise the cure cycles of adhesive used in the construction of automotive body shells and to establish the tolerance of the adhesive to uneven heating during cure, and to variation in the ratio of resin to hardener in the adhesive mixture. The rationale was that ultrasonic compression wave (CW) measurements on curing epoxy were relatively easy [1,2], and that increases in CW propagation velocity during cure corresponded to the development of mechanical moduli, given only small changes in the density of the adhesive during cure. Of interest was the way in which CW measurements relate to the evolving chemistry and structure in the adhesive, how they relate to the development of shear strength, and whether CW absorption measurements could be useful in tracking the cure cycle. In this work we have compared wide bandwidth measurements of absorption for both compression and shear (SW) waves. CW measurements were also compared to wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements and to low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements in order to relate what was observable by ultrasound to the evolving structure in the adhesive and to the progress of the cure reaction. In a parallel study, not reported here, we have also made comparisons between CW and dielectric spectroscopy.
机译：这项工作的动机是要求优化用于车身壳体的胶粘剂的固化周期，并确定胶粘剂对固化过程中不均匀加热的耐受性，以及胶粘剂中树脂与固化剂比例的变化混合物。基本原理是，在固化的环氧树脂上进行超声波压缩波（CW）的测量相对容易[1,2]，并且在固化过程中CW传播速度的增加与机械模量的发展相对应，假设粘合剂的密度只有很小的变化。在治愈期间。令人感兴趣的是CW测量与粘合剂中不断发展的化学和结构相关的方式，它们与剪切强度的发展如何相关以及CW吸收测量是否可用于跟踪固化周期的方式。在这项工作中，我们比较了压缩波和剪切波（SW）的宽带宽吸收率测量。还将连续波测量值与广角X射线散射（WAXS）测量值和低分辨率核磁共振（NMR）测量值进行了比较，以便将超声波可观察到的结果与胶粘剂中不断发展的结构以及固化过程相关联反应。在一项并行研究（此处未报告）中，我们还对连续波和介电谱进行了比较。

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